It’s not hard to see why naive signature based detection techniques cannot keep up with this style of distribution. These outer shells are updated multiple times per day to evade detection by security software, and many even employ server-side polymorphism on the malware repository, which means each individual victim will receive a distinct copy of the malicious file. These tools typically cut up the input file into pieces, encrypt them, and place them into another executable which has been specially crafted to reassemble the payload and have it run. Once they have written and compiled their creations into an executable, they run it through a tool called a “crypter”. Generally, malware authors tend to not ship their binaries in “plain text”. ![]() In an attempt to sever Pushdo communications for our customers, we reverse engineered the Pushdo sample, isolated functionality which generated domains, and reimplemented the algorithms logic. Recently, a new variant of the Pushdo implant surfaced which uses a new algorithm to generate domains. Previous versions of Pushdo have used DNS smokescreens, URL path randomization, and DGA fall back techniques for obscuring command and control (C2) communication. The reader, however, is reminded: as malware executes on a system it can do almost anything it’s controller wants.Ĭode execution is code execution, regardless if the malware has previously been used for sending spam, creating traffic for DoS attacks, or exfiltrating stolen business secrets to a drop server used by an advanced persistent threat actor during a nation-state sponsored cyber-espionage campaign. Pushdo has historically (since 2008) had close ties to the Cutwail botnet, often acting as a dropper for it.
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